The refrigerants
| Refrigerant | Where you'll see it | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| R-410A | Most systems installed before 2025 | GWP above the 700 limit; can still be serviced |
| R-454B | Many new ducted heat pumps and ACs | A2L (lower flammability); below the 700 limit |
| R-32 | Many new mini-splits and some ducted systems | A2L (lower flammability); below the 700 limit |
Source: EPA Technology Transitions program.
Repairs vs replacements
Repairing an R-410A system
Service and recharge are still allowed. Refrigerant prices may rise as supply shrinks, so a large leak or compressor failure on an older system is a good moment to compare repair against replacement.
Replacing a system
You can't mix refrigerants or pair a new R-454B outdoor unit with an old R-410A coil. Plan to replace the indoor coil or air handler along with the outdoor unit.
The May 2026 R-410A rule and California
EPA's May 2026 change allows R-410A equipment manufactured before 2025 to still be installed, which keeps some leftover stock on the market. California's Air Resources Board regulates HFCs separately, so before you accept an R-410A system, ask the installer to confirm in writing that the specific equipment may be installed in California.
What to ask your installer
- Which refrigerant does the quoted equipment use?
- Is the indoor coil or air handler being replaced to match?
- Is the line set being replaced or flushed, and why?
- Who handles refrigerant recovery from the old system (EPA Section 608 certified technician)?
Refrigerant questions
Is R-410A still allowed in California?
You can keep servicing an existing R-410A system. For new equipment, EPA's GWP-700 limit has applied since January 1, 2026, with a May 2026 rule allowing pre-2025 R-410A equipment to still be installed. California's Air Resources Board has its own HFC rules, so ask the installer to confirm in writing that the specific equipment may be installed here.
Are R-454B and R-32 safe?
Both are classed A2L (lower flammability) and are used in equipment designed and certified for them. Installation follows the manufacturer's instructions and current codes.
Should I replace my R-410A system now?
Not because of the refrigerant alone. If it runs well, keep maintaining it. If it needs a major repair such as a compressor, compare the repair against a new system.